CABI study: comprehensive review of fall armyworm pest

A recent study, published last October in the journal Entomologia Generalis, highlights how fall armyworm (FAW) is a serious pest of several crops – particularly maize and other cereals – and has already invaded most of Africa and parts of the Middle East, Asia, and Australasia in the last six years.

CABI is an inter-governmental, not-for-profit organisation established by a United Nations treaty-level agreement between 49 Member Countries. 

Dr Marc Kenis, CABI’s Head of Risk Analysis and Invasion Ecology, based at CABI’s centre in Switzerland, is lead author of the paper which also offers recommendations for research to enhance the sustainable management of FAW in invaded regions.

FAW feeds on and develops on the leaves, stems and reproductive parts of over 350 plant species, primarily Poaceae, causing serious economic damage to key food crops (e.g. maize, sorghum, rice, soybean) and fibre crops (e.g. cotton). It originates from tropical and subtropical areas of the Americas.

Fall armyworm causes devastating losses
 

The review states that, according to Eschen et al. (2021), FAW causes estimated annual yield losses of USD 9.4 billion in Africa alone. It adds that the recent invasion of FAW in developing countries also has an important impact on household income and food security.

The researchers estimate that some FAW can fly continuously for 48 hours and that they could migrate to Japan and the Korean Peninsula by crossing the sea from China during the Meiyu season.

The scientists believe that the potential for FAW to invade the tropical Pacific Islands depends on the wind patterns in the archipelagos (monsoon storms, trade winds, cyclones, and hurricanes) and trade contamination patterns. Once established in an archipelago, it may be able to spread relatively easily between islands, they say.

Spread and impact of FAW
 

As part of a series of recommendations, the researchers highlight that while the spread of FAW has been mapped using various models, for temperate countries in Europe, Asia and Oceania, it will be important to model the seasonal spread and impact of migrating populations.

They also add that in order to build meaningful Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, it will be helpful to better understand the relationship between FAW infestation, leaf damage, ear damage and yield loss.

This is particularly important, it is suggested, in terms of how these relationships vary with crop stage and agroecological conditions – including the abundance and efficacy of natural enemies.

Classical biological control
 

With this in mind, the scientists argue that classical biological control through the importation of parasitoids from the Americas should be considered even though FAW is a pest also in the Americas and many natural enemies have been found in the invaded regions.

Other recommendations included are urgently required social studies on the impact of chemical insecticides on farmer health and the wellbeing of farming communities, especially in poorer developing countries where farmers rarely use protective clothing.

(CABI/wi)

Reference

Marc Kenis et al.: Invasiveness, biology, ecology, and management of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, Entomologia Generalis, October, 2022, DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2022/1659